Google's carbon emissions have soared by 51% since 2019 as artificial intelligence hampers the tech company's efforts to go green. While the corporation has invested in renewable energy and carbon removal technology, it has failed to curb its scope 3 emissions, which are those further down the supply chain, and are in large part influenced by a growth in datacentre capacity required to power artificial intelligence. The company reported a 27% increase in year-on-year electricity consumption as it struggles to decarbonise as quickly as its energy needs increase. Datacentres play a crucial role in training and operating the models that underpin AI models such as Google's Gemini and OpenAI's GPT-4, which powers the ChatGPT chatbot. The International Energy Agency estimates that datacentres' total electricity consumption could double from 2022 levels to 1,000TWh (terawatt hours) in 2026, approximately Japan's level of electricity demand.

Climate change is a pressing global concern for governments, corporations, and citizens alike. This concern underscores the necessity for these entities to accurately assess the climate impact of manufacturing goods and providing services. Tools like process life cycle analysis (pLCA) are used to evaluate the climate impact of production, use, and disposal, from raw material mining through end-of-life. pLCA further enables practitioners to look deeply into material choices or manufacturing processes for individual parts, sub-assemblies, assemblies, and the final product. Reliable and detailed data on the life cycle stages and processes of the product or service under study are not always available or accessible, resulting in inaccurate assessment of climate impact. To overcome the data limitation and enhance the effectiveness of pLCA to generate an improved environmental impact profile, we are adopting an innovative strategy to identify alternative parts, products, and components that share similarities in terms of their form, function, and performance to serve as qualified substitutes. Focusing on enterprise electronics hardware, we propose a semi-supervised learning-based framework to identify substitute parts that leverages product bill of material (BOM) data and a small amount of component-level qualified substitute data (positive samples) to generate machine knowledge graph (MKG) and learn effective embeddings of the components that constitute electronic hardware. Our methodology is grounded in attributed graph embeddings and introduces a strategy to generate biased negative samples to significantly enhance the training process. We demonstrate improved performance and generalization over existing published models.

Unfortunately, the world remains off track in meeting Development Goals (SDGs), especially goal 13, which focuses the Paris Agreement's target of limiting the temperature rise to on combating climate change and its impacts. To mitigate the effects 1.5 C above pre-industrial levels and reaching net-zero emissions of climate change, reducing enterprise Scope 3 (supply chain by 2050 [14], with a projected temperature rise of around 2.7 C emissions) is vital, as it accounts for more than 90% of total emission above pre-industrial levels by 2100 [22]. To achieve these targets, inventories. However, tracking Scope 3 emissions proves challenging, it is critical to engage non-state actors like enterprises, who have as data must be collected from thousands of upstream and pledged to reduce their GHG emissions, and have significant potential downstream suppliers. To address the above mentioned challenges, to drive more ambitious actions towards climate targets than we propose a first-of-a-kind framework that uses domain-adapted governments [9]. However, a lack of high-quality data and insights NLP foundation models to estimate Scope 3 emissions, by utilizing about an enterprise's operational performance can create barriers to financial transactions as a proxy for purchased goods and services.

Businesses generate GHG emissions both directly through their business activities, and indirectly by the things they use, buy, sell and invest in. The GHG Protocol defined these into three Scopes deftly portrayed in their image below. Scope 1 incorporates emissions from the organisations assets, buildings and fleets. Scope 2 is still reasonably easy to get your head around, encompassing purchased energy. This includes electricity, gas but also other energy like heat or steam.

The fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) is already happening, and it's transforming the way manufacturing operations are carried out. Industry 4.0 is a product of the digital era as automation and data exchange in manufacturing technologies shift the central industrial control system to a smart setup that bridges the physical and digital world, addressed via the Internet of Things (IoT). Industry 4.0 is creating cyber-physical systems that can network a production process enabling value creation and real-time optimisation. The main factor driving the revolution is the advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning. The complex algorithms involved in AI use the data collected from cyber-physical systems, resulting in "smart manufacturing".

As companies attempt to take sustainability to the next level and gain a more complete view of their greenhouse gas emissions, there's a growing need to quantify results and track progress. "If you can't measure it, you can't manage it," says Autumn Stanish, associate principal analyst at Gartner, Inc. "In order to take initiatives to the next level -- particularly as organizations look to expand beyond Scope 1 and Scope 2 tracking -- there's a need for more advanced and granular measurement tools." Boston Consulting Group (BCG) reports that while 85% of companies are interested in reducing their emissions, only 9% of companies measure their total emissions comprehensively. Worse, only 11% have reduced their emissions in line with their goals over the last five years. How can companies get a better handle on their carbon footprint?

As shown in Figure 1, around half of global supply chain executives are pressured by regulators, company executives, end users, etc. to improve their supply chain sustainability. Consequently, 59% of enterprises invested in improving the sustainability of their supply chain. A sustainable supply chain is an important part of improving a company's environmental, social, and governance (ESG) standards which have an impact on attracting more customers and investors. It is responsible for the bulk of scope 3 GHG emissions of a company. Additionally, corporations that source raw materials or intermediate items from developing nations could unintentionally abuse their suppliers' employees who work in inhumane conditions.

Climate change is the most pressing threat that the human species faces today. Artificial intelligence is the most powerful tool that humanity has at its disposal in the twenty-first century. Can we deploy the second to combat the first? A group of promising startups has emerged to do just that. Both climate change and artificial intelligence are sprawling, cross-disciplinary fields. Both will transform literally every sector of the economy in the years ahead. There is therefore no single "silver bullet" application of AI to climate change. Instead, a wide range of machine learning use cases can help in the race to decarbonize our world. Nearly every major activity that humanity engages in today contributes to our carbon footprint to some extent: building things, moving things, powering things, eating things, computing things.

Fighting climate change is both an urgent global imperative and a massive business opportunity. Climate change is the most pressing threat that the human species faces today. Artificial intelligence is the most powerful tool that humanity has at its disposal in the twenty-first century. Can we deploy the second to combat the first? A group of promising startups has emerged to do just that. Both climate change and artificial intelligence are sprawling, cross-disciplinary fields. Both will transform literally every sector of the economy in the years ahead. There is therefore no single "silver bullet" application of AI to climate change. Instead, a wide range of machine learning use cases can help in the race to decarbonize our world. Nearly every major activity that humanity engages in today contributes to our carbon footprint to some extent: building things, moving things, powering things, eating things, computing things.